Legea diminuării utilității marginale

Ce este utilitatea marginală în scădere?

Legea diminuării utilității marginale afirmă că orice altceva egal cu consumul crește utilitatea marginală derivată din fiecare unitate suplimentară. Utilitatea marginală este derivată ca schimbare de utilitate pe măsură ce se consumă o unitate suplimentară. Utilitate este un termen economic folosit pentru a reprezenta satisfacția sau fericirea. Utilitatea marginală este creșterea incrementală a utilității care rezultă din consumul unei unități suplimentare.

Înțelegerea legii

Utilitatea marginală poate scădea în utilitate negativă, deoarece poate deveni complet nefavorabilă consumarea unei alte unități a oricărui produs. Prin urmare, prima unitate de consum pentru orice produs este de obicei cea mai mare, fiecare unitate de consum urmând să aibă din ce în ce mai puțină utilitate. Consumatorii se ocupă de legea diminuării utilității marginale consumând numeroase cantități de numeroase bunuri.

Law Of Diminishing Marginal Utility

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Law Of Diminishing Marginal Utility

The idea that the more you consume a good or use a service, the less satisfied you will be is an economic law called the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility. This law is an important concept in determining consumer preferences. To learn more about this economic law, watch this video.

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Prețuri în scădere

Legea diminuării utilității marginale se referă direct la conceptul de scădere a prețurilor. Pe măsură ce utilitatea unui produs scade odată cu creșterea consumului său, consumatorii sunt dispuși să plătească sume mai mici în dolari pentru mai mult din produs. De exemplu, să presupunem că o persoană plătește 100 USD pentru un aspirator. Deoarece are o valoare mică pentru un al doilea aspirator, același individ este dispus să plătească doar 20 USD pentru un al doilea aspirator. Legea reducerii utilității marginale are un impact direct asupra prețurilor unei companii, deoarece prețul perceput pentru un articol trebuie să corespundă utilității marginale a consumatorului și dorinței sale de a consuma sau de a utiliza bunul.

Exemplu de utilitate de diminuare

O persoană poate cumpăra o felie de pizza la 2 USD; îi este destul de foame și decide să cumpere cinci felii de pizza. După ce face acest lucru, individul consumă prima felie de pizza și câștigă o anumită utilitate pozitivă din consumul de alimente. Deoarece individul îi era foame și aceasta este prima mâncare pe care a consumat-o, prima felie de pizza are un beneficiu ridicat. După consumul celei de-a doua felii de pizza, apetitul individului devine satisfăcut. Nu era la fel de flămândă ca înainte, așa că a doua felie de pizza a avut un beneficiu și o plăcere mai mici ca prima. Cea de-a treia felie, ca și până acum, are și mai puțină utilitate, deoarece individul nu mai are foame.

De fapt, cea de-a patra felie de pizza a cunoscut și o utilitate marginală diminuată, deoarece este dificil de consumat, deoarece individul are disconfort când este plin de mâncare. În cele din urmă, a cincea felie de pizza nu poate fi nici măcar consumată. Individul este atât de plin de primele patru felii încât consumarea ultimei felii de pizza are ca rezultat o utilitate negativă. Cele cinci felii de pizza demonstrează utilitatea în scădere care se experimentează la consumul oricărui bun. Într-o aplicație de afaceri, o companie poate beneficia de a avea trei contabili în personalul său. Cu toate acestea, dacă nu este nevoie de un alt contabil, angajarea unui al patrulea contabil are ca rezultat o utilitate diminuată, deoarece se obține puține beneficii din noua angajare.